October 22nd, 2023 at 12:18 am
Provincial Nominee Programs Reveals Canadian Immigration Policy Changes
PNP has exposed a new element of Canadian immigration, according to the most recent Statistics Canada data.
The PNP functioned in all provinces except Quebec and the Yukon from 1998 to 2009. Its goals were to meet the workforce needs of each province and territory while also dispersing the country’s economic immigrants outside of big cities.
Each province and territory is responsible for creating and implementing its own PNP. The individual could apply to any of the available streams. Despite the fact that the streams vary greatly across provinces and territories, there are a few basic types, which include international student streams, entrepreneur streams, employees with job offers, and workers without job offers.
As the PNP continues to grow, Canada will have 68,000 provincial nominees in 2019. At the time, the PNP was the most extensive economic immigration selection program, selecting 35% of all new immigrants to Canada that year, up from 1% in 2000.
IRCC produces a new immigration-level plan each year to guide its efforts. In 2023, Canada intends to accept 465,000 new permanent residents, followed by 500,000 new residents in 2025. The Immigration Levels Plan target for permanent residents through the PNP is higher than the target for Express Entry. The federal government’s principal economic class pathway is Express Entry. IRCC would accept 117,500 new permanent residents through the PNP by 2025.
The Dispersion of Economic Immigrants in Canada
The most important takeaway from the research conducted by Statistics Canada was the observation that as the PNP rose, economic immigration in Canada became less concentrated. In addition to this, this dispersion took place at the same time as the expansion of the PNP. Between the years 2000 and 2019, there was a significant shift in the proportion of entering economic immigrants that each province received. In 2000, there were essentially no provincial nominations.
Notably, during the same time period, the percentage of immigrants who anticipated settling in Ontario (mainly Toronto) fell from 61% to 42%. This was a significant drop. The percentage of total resources allocated to British Columbia has been cut in half, from 17% to 15%.
The Prairie provinces experienced significant growth, with immigration levels increasing to almost zero in Manitoba and Saskatchewan and reaching approximately seven percent in Saskatchewan. The combined contributions from Alberta and the Atlantic provinces rose from 1% to 7% during the course of the year.
The evolving traits of provincial candidates
The characteristics of those nominated under the program have changed dramatically as the PNP has developed.
The most important trend was an increasing proclivity to select economic immigrants who had already earned income in Canada—basically, temporary foreign employees. The proportion of provincial candidates aged 20 to 54 who were formerly temporary foreign workers climbed from 6% in 2002 to 61% in 2019 and 72% in 2021.
According to studies, immigrants with past temporary overseas employment experience outperformed newcomers without much experience in the labor market, both in the short and long term.
The share of PNP immigrants with prior Canadian study experience has also climbed dramatically. Prior to their immigration, 38% of new PNP immigrants in 2019 and 7% in 2010 had studied in Canada.
Another important factor was age. The average age of provincial nominees at the time of immigration has been decreasing over time. The proportion of immigrants aged 20 to 29 increased from 24% in 2005 to 38% in 2019. According to the study, younger immigrants outperform older immigrants economically, especially in the long run.
As the percentage of candidates in their 20s increased, so did the proportion of major applicants who were single, without a spouse or children.
Language proficiency
There has been a noticeable improvement in the degree of proficiency shown in the official language by provincial nominees in recent years. In 2005, one-sixth of the nominees were unable to speak in either English or French. Because the bulk of PNP programs now require candidates to know English or French at a specific level, the amount of nominees arriving in Canada without first learning either language has nearly vanished in 2019.
Since 2005, the number of people whose first language is neither English nor French but who are also proficient in both of those languages has increased from 64 percent to 91 percent. This increase occurred between the years 2005 and 2019.
At long last, there has been a discernible uptick in the general level of economic well-being in the nations from which immigrants originated. Having said that, this is beginning to change. People seeking economic possibilities in Canada have historically come from a varied range of source countries; no particular nation or region has been primarily responsible for this tendency. The number of new provincial nominees who were born in Southeast Asia, Eastern Asia, or Southern Asia rose by 70 percent in 2019. This growth was seen across all three regions of Asia. These are the three different regions of Asia.
The Future of PNP
When it comes to new people coming to the country for economic reasons, the PNP has undergone a significant level of decentralization ever since it was initially founded. The qualities of the new candidates for provincial office have also undergone considerable shifts, with the majority of these shifts being in directions that would contribute to higher economic outcomes. Moreover, the majority of these shifts have occurred in recent years.
A more widespread geographic distribution of immigrants may, in the not-too-distant future, be a factor in the expansion of PNP. Increasing the geographic distribution of immigration is one of the goals of this strategy, which aims to solve the challenges posed by shifting demographics and labor market conditions in different parts of Canada more efficiently.
The research reveals how changes in provincial nominee populations, patterns of settlement, and individual characteristics affect the roles that these people play in the labor market and demographics throughout the course of time.
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