Italy Revises Citizenship by Descent Rules: 5 Major Changes You Need to Know

The Italian government has recently implemented stricter rules regarding citizenship by descent. These changes will impact thousands of applicants worldwide who seek an Italian passport. Understanding the new requirements is essential for anyone with Italian ancestry.

Overview: Citizenship by Descent

Citizenship by descent, known as jus sanguinis, allows individuals to acquire nationality based on their ancestry. Many countries grant citizenship to those with at least one parent or grandparent who was a citizen at birth.

Reasons for Stricter Rules

Italy’s new regulations come after a significant increase in applications from descendants of Italian emigrants. Officials expressed concerns over individuals “abusing” the system mainly for visa-free travel. “Being an Italian citizen is a serious matter,” stated Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani. He emphasized that it’s not just about obtaining a passport.

Key Changes to Citizenship Rules

The updated law significantly narrows eligibility criteria and introduces new requirements. Here are the major changes:

1. Limited Ancestral Lineage

Previously, anyone could claim citizenship if they traced their ancestry to an Italian relative alive after March 17, 1861. Now, applicants must have at least one Italian parent or grandparent. This change drastically reduces the number of eligible individuals.

2. Language Proficiency Required

Applicants must now demonstrate proficiency in the Italian language. This requirement was previously only for those naturalizing through residency or marriage. Candidates will need to pass a state-administered language exam.

3. Potential Residency Requirement

While immediate residency is not enforced, applicants may need to show proof of living in Italy for three years. This could include providing evidence of address, employment, or study, indicating genuine ties to the country.

4. Scrutiny of Dual Citizenship

Dual citizens must actively engage with Italy to maintain their citizenship status. This includes paying taxes, voting, and renewing Italian passports. Such requirements ensure an ongoing connection beyond merely holding a passport.

5. Consulate Application Changes

Italian consulates worldwide will no longer process citizenship applications. This means overseas applicants must navigate the process within Italy. This change adds logistical and financial burdens as applicants interact directly with Italian authorities.

Impact on Applications

The decree, published on March 28, will undergo parliamentary ratification within 60 days. However, new applications must meet the updated criteria immediately. Existing dual citizens might risk losing their Italian nationality if they do not engage sufficiently with Italy.

Who Is Affected?

Italy’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs estimates that 60 to 80 million people worldwide were eligible for citizenship under the previous rules. This number exceeds Italy’s current population of 59 million. Over the past decade, the number of Italian citizens living abroad has surged.

Key Statistics

• Italian citizens abroad increased by 40% from 2014 to 2024.
• The number rose from 4.6 million in 2014 to 6.4 million in 2024.
• Over 60,000 legal cases for citizenship determination are currently pending.

With these new regulations, many applicants with Italian ancestry may now face stricter requirements.

Next Steps for Aspiring Citizens

While the law awaits parliamentary review, applicants should prepare for a more rigorous process. Stricter ancestry requirements, language tests, and residency criteria indicate a shift toward prioritizing genuine connections to Italy.

Final Thoughts

For those planning to apply, staying informed about potential amendments in the coming months is crucial. As Italy redefines its approach to citizenship, applicants must meet higher standards to prove their heritage and cultural ties.