10 Best Residency and Citizenship by Investment Programs to Consider in 2025

Henley & Partners has unveiled its 2025 rankings for the leading investment migration programs. These programs offer high-net-worth individuals reliable pathways to gain residency or citizenship through financial investment.

In today’s unpredictable world, affluent individuals are increasingly opting for residency and citizenship through investment programs. These options provide enhanced security, mobility, and financial advantages. The 2025 Global Citizenship and Residency Program Index by Henley & Partners identifies the most appealing destinations for investors.

Leading Investment Migration Programs of 2025

The latest rankings show that European countries dominate the list. Malta and Greece emerge as frontrunners in the 2025 Global Citizenship and Residency Programs. Here’s a breakdown of the top ten investment programs worldwide.

1. Malta: The Global Leader

Malta retains its top position for the tenth year, boasting a score of 76/100. Its Granting of Citizenship for Exceptional Services by Direct Investment allows foreign investors and their families to become citizens after either a 12- or 36-month residency. This program is renowned for its strong economic and global mobility benefits.

2. Austria: Exclusive Citizenship Option

Austria secures the second spot with a score of 75. The investment program requires a substantial contribution to the national economy, making it one of the most prestigious choices available.

3. Grenada: Caribbean Favorite

Grenada ranks third with a score of 69, offering a highly regarded citizenship-by-investment program. Investors enjoy visa-free access to key global destinations and eligibility for the U.S. E-2 Investor Visa.

4. Antigua and Barbuda: Investor-Friendly Hub

With a score of 67, Antigua and Barbuda remains a favored choice among investors. Its low investment threshold, tax-friendly policies, and visa-free access to over 150 countries enhance its appeal.

5. Nauru, St. Kitts and Nevis, and St. Lucia: Strategic Islands

These nations tie for fifth place with a score of 66. Nauru’s recent entry into the index highlights its attractiveness, offering strong global mobility and investment opportunities focused on climate resilience.

6. Dominica: Affordable Caribbean Option

Dominica ranks sixth with a score of 65. It continues to be celebrated for its affordability and straightforward application process.

7. Türkiye: Connection Between Continents

Türkiye comes in seventh, offering various investment routes including real estate. Its program facilitates access to European, Middle Eastern, and Asian markets.

8. Egypt, Jordan, and North Macedonia: Emerging Destinations

These three nations share the eighth spot with a score of 63. Egypt stands out as Africa’s sole citizenship-by-investment program, while Jordan and North Macedonia provide strategic access to the Middle East and Europe.

9. Vanuatu: Fast-Track Citizenship

Vanuatu ranks ninth with a score of 60. It is known for having one of the fastest citizenship programs globally, recognized for its affordability.

10. Cambodia: Cost-Effective Option

With a score of 53, Cambodia rounds out the top ten, providing an accessible investment migration pathway.

Top Global Residence Programs for 2025

In the residency category, Greece claims the top position for the first time with a score of 73/100, surpassing Portugal. Here are the leading residence-by-investment programs:

• Greece: 73 (Golden Visa Leader)
• Switzerland: 72 (Premium Residence Option)
• Portugal, Italy, UK: 70 (Competitive European Choices)
• Australia, Canada, Spain: 69 (High-Demand Destinations)
• UAE: 68 (Business-Friendly Tax Advantages)
• Hungary: 67 (Schengen Access via Real Estate)
• Luxembourg: 66 (Economic and Financial Hub)
• Singapore: 65 (Top Asian Residency Destination)
• Jersey, Panama: 64 (Attractive Tax Structures)
• Costa Rica: 63 (Strong Economic Hub)

Key Factors Driving Investment Migration

The Henley & Partners indexes assess programs based on ten critical factors: reputation, quality of life, visa-free access, and processing time. For citizenship, they also consider residence requirements and relocation flexibility.

The Importance of Visa-Free Access

Visa-free travel significantly influences investors seeking alternative citizenship and residency. EU countries like Greece, Malta, and Portugal offer extensive visa-free access within the Schengen Area.

Conclusion

Investment migration programs present individuals with opportunities for alternative residency or citizenship. These pathways offer enhanced global mobility, economic benefits, and security amidst geopolitical instability. Keeping abreast of the latest rankings and opportunities is vital for anyone considering a second passport or residency in 2025.